Table 2 Mental health outcomes of Fukushima residents following the GEJE
Citation (reference no.) | Sample type (location) | n | Data collectiona | Findings | Risk factors of outcome(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Matsumoto et al. [39] | Psychiatric outpatient (Fukushima) | 1273 | 1 month | Bipolar I showed worst exacerbation among psychiatric diseases and manic change was prominent | Â |
Wada et al. 2013 [45] | Psychiatric inpatient (Fukushima) | 28 | 7Â days | Two-thirds showed no change | Â |
Yabe et al. [46] | Residents (Fukushima) | 73,433 (2011), 39495 (2012) | 10 and 22 months | 14.6 vs. 11.9 %, K6 ≥13, 21.6 vs. 18.3 %, PCL ≥ 44 24.4 vs. 16.6 %, SDQ ≥ 16, 4–6 years 22.0 vs. 15.8 %, SDQ ≥ 16, 6–12 years (2011 vs. 2012) |  |
Tsubokura et al. [44] | Residents (Fukushima) | 155 | 1 year pre- and post-disaster | 12 %, PHQ-9 ≥ 10 |  |
Kukihara et al. [38] | Evacuees (Fukushima) | 241 | 9 months | 33.2 %, IES-R ≥ 25 14.5 %, Zung Depression Scale ≥60 Resilience was predicted by employment status, eating/exercise and drinking habits |  |
Internally displaced people from Fukushima (Chiba) | 73 | 5 and 10 months | Compared to a reference group (Chiba residents), the study sample was more likely to have GHQ-12 ≥ 3, adverse social dysfunction at both time points and psychological distress at 10 months |  | |
Sugimoto et al. [43] | National sample | 5809 | 1Â year | Women were more concerned than men about radiation. Participants from Kanto region (vs. non-Tohoku/Kanto regions) were more concerned about radiation and food safety | Â |
Rubin et al. [40] | British nationals living in Japan | 284 | 9 mo. | 16 %, GHQ-12 ≥ 4 29.7 %, State-trait anxiety inventory ≥ 18 30.4 %, State-trait anger inventory ≥ 11 |  |
Goto et al. [47] | Parenting counseling records (Fukushima) | 150 | 1Â year pre-, 1 and 13 months post-disaster (qualitative analysis) | Lowered maternal confidence and potential role of public health nurses in risk communication process post-disaster were reported | Â |
Yoshii et al. [49] | Post-partum women (Miyagi) | 259 | 16 months (qualitative analysis) | Seven themes of maternal anxiety for radioactivity from the Fukushima emerged: food safety, outdoor safety, radiation effects on embryos during pregnancy, effects on children, radiation exposures, economic issues and distrust towards disclosing information | Â |
Ben-Ezra et al. [48] | Residents (Hiroshima/Nagasaki, Tokyo and Fukushima) | 750 | 3Â years post-disaster | 10.6Â %, Fukushima, endorsed PTSD symptoms 2.4Â %, Hiroshima/Nagasaki and Tokyo, endorsed PTSD symptoms Relations between location, radiation stigma, and number of PTSD symptoms | Â |